Technologies are developed in the service of the environment as well as within the environment and as such their development must integrate the objectives of sustainable development. Societies expect powerful technological aids, in particular to solve the major challenges of liquid, solid or gaseous waste management, to clean up water, air and soil, to better manage natural hazards, to fight against transmissible diseases, to guarantee food quality and of course to cope with climate change, either to mitigate its consequences or especially to adapt to it.