The share of industry in French GDP has been declining sharply for three decades, reflecting the de-industrialisation of our country, only partially offset by the growth of services. These developments reflect a profound change, both in industry, which has been severely destabilised by outdated equipment and relocation, and which is trying to revive itself thanks to the most innovative technologies: robotics, connectivity, data, networks (telecoms, energy, transport), materials, etc., as well as in services and their uses, which are now being forced to adapt rapidly to the revolution in digital platforms. In these vital transformations, industry and services are converging, coming together or merging in new economic models that are emerging or being explored and contributing to energy, environmental, demographic and digital transitions.